Increased Risk of Crime Conviction Found in Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A largescale, comprehensive study has found that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of being convicted of crimes compared to those without ADHD, and that this association extends to their relatives, suggesting shared familial factors such as genetics and environmental conditions. Thenew studyinBiological Psychiatryemphasizes the need for timely support to help reduce impulsive or risky behaviors that might otherwise escalate. It suggests that understanding familial patterns encourages clinicians to be more attentive to ADHD symptoms in relatives, thereby helping to interrupt cycles across generations. ADHD affects 5% to 7% of children and adolescents worldwide, and about 2.5% of adults. Characterized by impaired attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, or both, ADHD is associated with adverse outcomes, including elevated risk of crime. Meta-analyses show that individuals with ADHD are 2–3 times more likely to be arrested, convicted, or incarcerated, often at a younger age and with higher rates of reoffending. Additionally, about 25% ofincarcerated individualsmeet diagnostic criteria for ADHD, far exceeding general population rates. However, the link between ADHD and criminality remains poorly understood.