Tensions Rise as Ultra-Orthodox Jews' Values Clash with Israeli Society

JERUSALEM: Ultra-Orthodox Jewish families are an unmissable facet of Israeli life. Immediately recognizable, the men dress in black suits and hats, the women in modest long sleeves and skirts with wigs, turbans or scarves covering their hair, and numerous children tag along, often in matching outfits. They are growing in numbers and in political and cultural clout. That's bringing their vision of faith, Jewish identity and civic practices into conflict with other Israelis, both religious and secular. Distrust spirals on all sides. Mass protests over proposed changes to the exemption from the military draft for ultra- Orthodox men highlight the most contentious issue as the country approaches three years of war on multiple fronts — and national elections where ultra-Orthodox parties are likely to be kingmakers. At the core of ultra-Orthodox doctrine is the belief that studying scripture — and teaching it to family and community — is the highest duty, above working or joining the armed forces even in wartime. Judith Rosenblum, who has seven sons and one daughter, believes that ultra-Orthodox practice is under threat from secular culture, and that conscripting young men into the military can "compromise" their religious practice. But when she ran into an acquaintance whose grandson lost two legs and an arm in the war in Gaza , she was proud to relay that three of her sons also signed up to serve after the Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel.